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''The Turn of the Screw'' is a 20th-century English chamber opera composed by Benjamin Britten with a libretto by Myfanwy Piper, "wife of the artist John Piper, who had been a friend of the composer since 1935 and had provided designs for several of the operas".〔Kennedy, Michael, "Benjamin Britten", in Holden, p. 128〕 The libretto is based on the novella ''The Turn of the Screw'' by Henry James. The opera was commissioned by the Venice Biennale and given its world premiere on 14 September 1954, at the Teatro La Fenice, Venice.〔 The original recording was made during that year, with the composer conducting. Described as one of the most dramatically appealing English operas, the opera in two acts has a prologue and sixteen scenes, each preceded by a variation on the twelve-note 'Screw' theme. Typically of Britten, the music mixes tonality and dissonance, with Britten's recurrent use of a twelve-tone figure being perhaps a nod to the approach of Arnold Schoenberg. Thematically, the play gives a central role to a line borrowed from W. B. Yeats' poem "The Second Coming": "The ceremony of innocence is drowned." ==Performance history== The opera was given its British premiere on 6 October 1954 by the Sadler's Wells Opera in London; the US premiere followed on 19 March 1958 at the New York College of Music.〔 Since then there have been regular performances around the world. In 2003, English Touring Opera presented the work throughout England〔( ETO's 2003 production )〕 and three years later Glyndebourne Touring Opera toured the UK with their new production of the work before reviving it in 2007 at their summer festival, Glyndebourne Festival Opera. In 2008, there were no fewer than 10 productions, in cities as varied as Innsbruck in Austria (at the Tiroler Landestheater); Sacramento, California (at the Sacramento Opera); and St Petersburg at the Mariinsky Theatre .〔(2008 productions on Operabase.com ) Retrieved 11 January 2010〕 In 2009, seven productions received 22 performances – again ranging from those in major cities (by the English National Opera in London and at the Mariinsky Theater in St Petersburg) to such provincial locations as Portland, Oregon, and Dessau, Germany. Los Angeles Opera performed the Glyndebourne Touring Opera production of the work in 2011 under music director James Conlon. OperaUpClose reframed the opera in their 2011 production, the story being told from the point of the view of the Governess as a patient in an asylum. It is left unclear as to whether the story stems completely from her mind or whether she arrived there after her experiences in the Bly house.〔(George Hall, "''Turn of the Screw'' – review. King's Head, London" ), ''The Guardian'' (London), 8 July 2011. Retrieved 23 July 2011〕 Opera Holland Park received positive reviews of their presentation of the work in six performances in summer 2014. 〔(Erica Jeal, "The Turn of the Screw review – Britten chamber opera is made even creepier" ), ''The Guardian'' (London), 2 July 2014. Retrieved 2 July 2014〕〔(Rupert Christiansen, "Turn of the Screw, Holland Park, review: 'enthralling'" ), ''The Telegraph'' (London), 2 July 2014. Retrieved 2 July 2014〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The Turn of the Screw (opera)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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